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43 pictures and 119 papers on the chondrocyte: the pictures by method, the papers by section. A picture opens large on a click and goes to its paper on a second. Every PMID chondro.site cites (264) is checked against PubMed for retractions at each build: none found.

Electron microscopy 15

Hyaline cartilage TEM. Chondrocytes arranged in chondrons contain extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER); surrounding matrix shows type II collagen fibrils interspersed with proteoglycans. Six-day-old mouse, demineralized bone.

Michael J.F. Blumer · CC BY 4.0

Human articular chondrocyte TEM (non-loading control arm). Panel A: autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes showing normal autophagy activity. From a study of mechanical loading effects on OA chondrocytes; non-loading arm is the baseline control.

Sato, Iwata, Yamamoto et al 2026, Int J Mol Sci · CC BY 4.0

Human growth plate chondrocyte TEM. Resting zone (RZ) and proliferative zone (PZ) chondrocytes showing heterochromatin (asterisks) and lysosomes (arrowheads). Panel b from a study of cellular quiescence in the resting zone.

Avijgan, Lopez-Perez, Galicia et al 2026, Bone Research · CC BY 4.0

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. ( A ): In chondrocytes of the non-loading group, a large number of autophagosomes and lysosomes showing the autophagy process, as well as autolysosomes after digestion of organelles, were observed. ( B ): In chondrocytes of the 1 h loading group, although fewer in number than in the no-load group, autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes were seen indicating that the autophagy process was observed. ( C ): In chondrocytes of the 3 h loading group, the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was lower compared to the no-load and 1 h loading groups. On the other hand, there were numerous degenerated organelles that had not undergone autophagy within the chondrocytes. This suggests the accumulation of defective mitochondria and abnormal cellular proteins within the cells. ( D ): The numbers of autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes per cell were significantly lower in mechanical loading groups than in non-loading group (* p < 0.01).

Sato, Iwata, Yamamoto et al 2026, International Journal of Molecular Sciences · CC BY 4.0

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. (A): In chondrocytes of the non-loading group, a large number of autophagosomes and lysosomes showing the autophagy process, as well as autolysosomes after digestion of organelles, were observed. (B): In chondrocytes of the 1 h loading group, although fewer in number than in the no-load group, autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes were seen indicating that the autophagy process was observed. (C): In chondrocytes of the 3 h loading group, the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was lower compared to the no-load and 1 h loading groups. On the other hand, there were numerous degenerated organelles that had not undergone autophagy within the chondrocytes. This suggests the accumulation of defective mitochondria and abnormal cellular proteins within the cells. (D): The numbers of autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes per cell were significantly lower in mechanical loading groups than in non-loading group (* p < 0.01).

Sato, Iwata, Yamamoto et al 2026, International Journal of Molecular Sciences · CC BY 4.0

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. (A): In chondrocytes of the non-loading group, a large number of autophagosomes and lysosomes showing the autophagy process, as well as autolysosomes after digestion of organelles, were observed. (B): In chondrocytes of the 1 h loading group, although fewer in number than in the no-load group, autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes were seen indicating that the autophagy process was observed. (C): In chondrocytes of the 3 h loading group, the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was lower compared to the no-load and 1 h loading groups. On the other hand, there were numerous degenerated organelles that had not undergone autophagy within the chondrocytes. This suggests the accumulation of defective mitochondria and abnormal cellular proteins within the cells. (D): The numbers of autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes per cell were significantly lower in mechanical loading groups than in non-loading group (* p < 0.01).

Sato, Iwata, Yamamoto et al 2026, International Journal of Molecular Sciences · CC BY 4.0

Ch@P maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating mitophagy. (A) TEM images of mitochondria in chondrocytes after different treatments. (B-F) Immunofluorescent staining and quantitative analyses of cytosolic ROS level, mitochondrial ROS level, JC-1 monomers (green) and JC-1 aggregates (red) in different groups. (G-K) The protein expression of mitophagy-related markers (Pink1, Parkin, LC3B and Pgc1alpha) in different groups. (L) Co-localisation of LC3B and Tom20 in different groups. (M) The diagram shows that Ch@P maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by activating mitophagy. Data are presented as means +/- SD derived from three or four replicates. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.

Chang, Kong, Jin et al 2026, Exploration · CC BY 4.0

Ch@P maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating mitophagy. (A) TEM images of mitochondria in chondrocytes after different treatments. (B-F) Immunofluorescent staining and quantitative analyses of cytosolic ROS level, mitochondrial ROS level, JC-1 monomers (green) and JC-1 aggregates (red) in different groups. (G-K) The protein expression of mitophagy-related markers (Pink1, Parkin, LC3B and Pgc1alpha) in different groups. (L) Co-localisation of LC3B and Tom20 in different groups. Data are presented as means +/- SD derived from three or four replicates.

Chang, Kong, Jin et al 2026, Exploration · CC BY 4.0

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. (A): In chondrocytes of the non-loading group, a large number of autophagosomes and lysosomes showing the autophagy process, as well as autolysosomes after digestion of organelles, were observed. (B): In chondrocytes of the 1 h loading group, although fewer in number than in the no-load group, autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes were seen indicating that the autophagy process was observed. (C): In chondrocytes of the 3 h loading group, the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was lower compared to the no-load and 1 h loading groups. On the other hand, there were numerous degenerated organelles that had not undergone autophagy within the chondrocytes. This suggests the accumulation of defective mitochondria and abnormal cellular proteins within the cells. (D): The numbers of autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes per cell were significantly lower in mechanical loading groups than in non-loading group (* p < 0.01).

Sato, Iwata, Yamamoto et al 2026, International Journal of Molecular Sciences · CC BY 4.0

Endocytosis of cartilage matrix is impaired by dynasore. A-B Super-resolution microscopy images showing F-actin staining at the plasma membrane of pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes (white arrows) and quantification of the F-actin thickness in all zones. C Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of examples of shallow, U-shaped and Omega-shaped endocytic pits (white arrows) observed in the metatarsals. D Coated pits in pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes. Note the abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM) and fiber-like structures (black arrow heads) in the dynasore-treated group. E Quantification of shallow, U-shaped and Omega-shaped pits in the epiphysial cartilage. F TEM images reveal cartilage endocytosis in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Chondrocytes uptake collagen fibril-like electron-dense extracellular structures (black arrowheads) in endocytic-like pits/vesicles (white arrowheads). By contrast, dynasore-treated bones contained chondrocytes with over-accumulation of ECM in the extracellular space. RZ: resting zone; PZ: proliferative zone; HZ: hypertrophic zone. Metatarsals were cultured for 6 days.

Marchan-Alvarez, Koikkara, Zhou et al 2026, BMC Biology · CC BY 4.0

Endocytosis of cartilage matrix is impaired by dynasore. A-B Super-resolution microscopy images showing F-actin staining at the plasma membrane of pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes (white arrows) and quantification of the F-actin thickness in all zones. C Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of examples of shallow, U-shaped and Omega-shaped endocytic pits (white arrows) observed in the metatarsals. D Coated pits in pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes. Please, note the abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM) and fiber-like structures (black arrow heads) in the dynasore-treated group. E Quantification of shallow, U-shaped and Omega-shaped pits in the epiphysial cartilage. F TEM images reveal cartilage endocytosis in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Chondrocytes uptake collagen fibril-like electron-dense extracellular structures (black arrowheads) in endocytic-like pits/vesicles (white arrowheads). By contrast, dynasore-treated bones contained chondrocytes with over-accumulation of ECM in the extracellular space. RZ: resting zone; PZ: proliferative zone; HZ: hypertrophic zone.

Marchan-Alvarez, Koikkara, Zhou et al 2026, BMC Biology · CC BY 4.0

miR/PBNP@Gel restored mitochondrial function in OA chondrocytes. (A) JC-1 staining of mitochondrial membrane potential in chondrocytes under H2O2 (200 uM, 24 h) and different treatments. Red indicates JC-1 aggregates and green indicates JC-1 monomers (scale bar: 10 um). (B) SIM images mitochondrial cristae morphology in chondrocytes treated with H2O2 (200 uM, 24 h) with different materials (scale bar: 5 um), and zoom images highlight cristae structure (scale bar: 1 um). (C) Seahorse analysis of oxygen consumption rate over time in chondrocytes under H2O2 (200 uM, 24 h) and different treatments. (D-E) Quantitative analysis of basal respiration and maximal respiration (n = 6). (F) MitoTracker Green staining of mitochondrial morphology in chondrocytes treated with H2O2 (200 uM, 24 h) with different materials (scale bar: 5 um). (G) TEM imaging of chondrocyte mitochondrial ultrastructure following H2O2 (200 uM, 24 h) with different materials (scale bar: 500 nm), and zoom images highlight key structural details (scale bar: 200 nm). (H) Quantification of intracellular ATP content in chondrocytes treated with H2O2 (200 uM, 24 h) with different materials (n = 3). Data are presented as mean +/- SEM. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001.

Cai, Lv, Zhang et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0

miR/PBNP@Gel attenuated chondrocyte senescence and improved cartilage matrix metabolism. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of cartilage tissue morphology in different treatment groups. Up: overview (scale bar: 500 um); Down: zoomed view (scale bar: 100 um). (B) Safranin O/fast green staining of cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. Up: overview (scale bar: 500 um); Down: zoomed view (scale bar: 100 um). (C) SA-beta-Gal staining of senescent chondrocytes in cartilage tissues (scale bar: 100 um). (D) Immunohistochemical staining of Col2a1, Mmp13, Aggrecan and P21 in cartilage tissues (scale bar: 100 um). (E-G) Western blot analysis and grayscale quantification of P16 and P21 protein expression in cartilage tissues ( n = 4). Data are presented as mean +/- SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used for multiple comparisons. ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

Cai, Lv, Zhang et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0

Piezo1 mediates nuclear mechanotransduction in osteoarthritis. (a) Immunofluorescence of Col2a1 and DAPI of WT Sham, WT DMM and cKO DMM groups. Scale bars: 50 and 20 um. (b) Quantification of COL2 fluorescence intensity of WT Sham, WT DMM and cKO DMM groups (n = 6). (c) Chondrocyte nuclear cross-sectional area of OA cartilage samples of COL2 of WT Sham, WT DMM and cKO DMM groups (n = 30 samples from six WT Sham, WT DMM or cKO DMM mice). (d) Immunofluorescence and co-localization analysis of F-Actin and DAPI of si-NC Ctrl, si-NC Tension, si-Piezo1 Tension, si-NC Yoda1 and si-Piezo1 Yoda1 groups. Scale bars: 50 um. (e) Percentage of cells with perinuclear actin cap of si-NC Ctrl, si-NC Tension, si-Piezo1 Tension, si-NC Yoda1 and si-Piezo1 Yoda1 groups (n = 6). (f) Immunofluorescence of LaminA/C and DAPI of si-NC Ctrl, si-NC Tension, si-Piezo1 Tension, si-NC Yoda1 and si-Piezo1 Yoda1 groups. Scale bars: 15 and 10 um. (g) Nuclear area of ATDC5 cells of si-NC Ctrl, si-NC Tension, si-Piezo1 Tension, si-NC Yoda1 and si-Piezo1 Yoda1 groups (n = 35 in si-NC Ctrl group, n = 30 in si-NC Tension group, n = 36 in si-Piezo1 Tension group, n = 29 in si-NC Yoda1 group and n = 35 in si-Piezo1 Yoda1 group). And point curvature of si-NC Ctrl, si-NC Tension, si-Piezo1 Tension, si-NC Yoda1 and si-Piezo1 Yoda1 groups (from 24 cells per group). (h) Heatmaps of nuclear mechanics related genes expression in con-static, con-stress and cko-stress groups (n = 4). (i) GSEA analysis of nuclear mechanics related pathways in con-static, con-stress and cko-stress groups. (j) TEM images of chondrocytes nuclei in WT sham, WT DMM and cKO DMM groups. (k) Quantification of nuclear pore size and the proportion of euchromatin of chondrocytes in WT sham, WT DMM and cKO DMM groups (from 35 cells per group). (l) TEM images of chondrocytes nuclei in si-NC Ctrl, si-NC Tension and si-Piezo1 Tension groups. (m) Quantification of nuclear pore size and euchromatin ratio of chondrocytes in si-NC Ctrl, si-NC Tension and si-Piezo1 Tension groups (from 35 cells per group). The p value is indicated on the statistical graph. Values are means +/- SDs. Multiple comparison was performed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc analysis.

Kan, Li, Wang et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. (A): In chondrocytes of the non-loading group, a large number of autophagosomes and lysosomes showing the autophagy process, as well as autolysosomes after digestion of organelles, were observed. (B): In chondrocytes of the 1 h loading group, although fewer in number than in the no-load group, autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes were seen indicating that the autophagy process was observed. (C): In chondrocytes of the 3 h loading group, the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was lower compared to the no-load and 1 h loading groups. On the other hand, there were numerous degenerated organelles that had not undergone autophagy within the chondrocytes. This suggests the accumulation of defective mitochondria and abnormal cellular proteins within the cells. (D): The numbers of autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes per cell were significantly lower in mechanical loading groups than in non-loading group (* p < 0.01).

Sato, Iwata, Yamamoto et al 2026, International Journal of Molecular Sciences · CC BY 4.0

Immunostaining and fluorescence 9

Tibial plateau articular cartilage, spontaneous OA. Safranin O and IHC for CollagenX, MMP-13, Aggrecan, Caspase-3 across age groups. Scale bar 100 um.

Wang, Wei, Xue et al 2021, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · CC BY 4.0

Ferroptosis is activated in osteoarthritic chondrocytes and contributes to cartilage degeneration (A) Heatmap of whole-transcriptome sequencing comparing normal chondrocytes and OA chondrocytes. (B) Volcano plot showing differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes. (C) GO enrichment analysis indicating dysregulation of iron homeostasis and glutathione metabolism in OA. (D) Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of human OA cartilage and mouse cartilage tissues showing ACSL4 and GPX4 expression. Scale bars, 200 μm.

Mai, Zhu, Liu et al 2026, iScience · CC BY 4.0

Ultrastructural changes in collagen fibril organization in the MM region of cartilage in intact (Ctrl) and W1 postsurgery cartilage. (A) Representative immunofluorescence staining for type II collagen (Col II) in cartilage sections at different stages of OA progression (intact to W6 postsurgery). (B) Magnified Col II and DAPI images, showing detailed Col II changes in the cartilage matrix during OA progression (scale bar, 200 um). (C and D) Representative overview images of collagen in medial cartilage obtained by summing SHG signal across all polarization angles. (E and F) Pixel-based heat maps showing the principal orientation of collagen fibrils in MM regions, with representative examples from the Ctrl and W1 groups (n = 3). Colors closer to purple indicate fibrils more parallel to the cartilage surface, whereas colors closer to red indicate fibrils more perpendicular to the cartilage surface. (G and H) Heatmaps depicting the degree of alignment of collagen fibrils in MM regions, corresponding to those in (E) and (F). Brighter colors indicate higher fibril alignment (scale bars, 50 um). (I and J) Depth-dependent line plots of (E) and (F), showing the mean principal orientation of collagen fibrils (blue lines) within each row and their heterogeneity (light blue shading) across cartilage depth, normalized from articular surface to cement line. (K and L) Corresponding depth-dependent line plots for (G) and (H), showing the row mean values of collagen fibril alignment (red lines) and the heterogeneity within each row (light red shading), normalized from cartilage surface to cement line. D3, 3 days; W1, 1 week; W3, 3 weeks; W6, 6 weeks.

Zhou, Hu, Yada et al 2026, Science Advances · CC BY 4.0

Therapeutic effect of piezoelectric hydrogel in human osteoarthritis cartilage samples. (A) Experimental design schematic. After culturing human osteoarthritis cartilage samples in vitro for one week, the hydrogel was replaced weekly, and cartilage samples were collected after 3 weeks. (B) SO/FG staining of different groups of cartilage samples. Scale bar, 200 um. (C, D, E) Immunohistochemical staining results of P16, COL2A1, and MMP13. Scale bar, 100 um. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with Tukey's post hoc test. n = 5, * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001. ns, no significant difference.

Zheng, Yan, Liu et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0

ECM production by chondrocytes and chondrosarcoma cells cultured as single cells under static and compressive conditions. (A) Schematic summary of the experimental design. Chondrocytes expressing ACAN (red) and COL1A1 (green) (B) or COL1A1, 2, and 6 (green) (C) in static conditions (top) and exposed to cyclic compression (bottom). Chondrosarcoma expressing ACAN (red) and COL1A1 (green) (D) or COL1A1, 2, 6 (green) (E) in static culture (top) and exposed to compression (bottom). White arrows indicate protein deposition in the surrounding of the cells which we consider as protein protrusions. Percentage of cells presenting protein protrusions out of the 40 considered cells for chondrocytes (F) and chondrosarcoma cells (G). Scale bars: 20 um.

Paggi, Porsul, Le Gac et al 2026, Cartilage · CC BY 4.0

In vitro chondrogenesis of hBMSC microtissues differentiated with or without BMP2 in chondrogenic or hypertrophic conditions. Sections of cartilaginous microtissues from different culture conditions (+/-BMP2) (chondrogenic/hypertrophic medium) were stained for GAGs (Safranin O and Toluidine blue staining), collagen type I, collagen type II, collagen type X, VEGF and ALP after day 28 of culture.

Staubli, Sobrevals Alcaraz, van Es et al 2026, Regenerative Biomaterials · CC BY 4.0

Cytoskeleton formation and intercellular microstress could be simulated by single- and multiple-cell component organoids. (A,B) IF analysis of F-actin for investigation of cytoskeleton formation in normal and OA chondrocytes in cell cultures, single- and multi-cell-component organoids, and cartilage in vivo. (C,D) IF analysis of stress-sensitive ion channel PIEZO1 in normal and OA chondrocytes in cell cultures, single- and multi-cell-component organoids, and cartilage in vivo. ns, no significant difference; N = 3 in all groups. The statistical graph is plotted based on the relative fluorescence intensity. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Wang, Zhu, Li et al 2026, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · CC BY 4.0

SR retards the degradation and inflammation of articular cartilage matrix. (A) Immunohistochemistry results of Aggrecan, Col2, MMP3, MMP13 and ADAMTS5 proteins. Black arrows indicate a strong positive expression in cartilage tissue. (B) The ratios of immunoreactive positive cells of Col2, MMP3, MMP13 and ADAMTS5 in (A). (C) Immunohistochemistry results of iNOS, TNF-alpha and IL-6 proteins. Black arrows indicate a strong positive expression in cartilage tissue. (D) The ratios of immunoreactive positive cells of iNOS, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in (C). Scale bars, 50 um.

Zhang, Xing, Zhou et al 2026, Frontiers in Pharmacology · CC BY 4.0

Fabp5 is a vital regulator in TGF-beta2-induced lipid droplet accumulation. A, qPCR showing that transfection with si-Fabp5-3 at 50 nM for 24 h efficiently knocked Fabp5 down in chondrocytes. Hprt served as the endogenous reference gene. Data from five independent experiments (n = 5) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and are presented as mean +/- SD. B and C, Western blotting (B) and quantification (C) showing that transfection with si-Fabp5-3 at 50 nM significantly decreased Fabp5 protein expression in chondrocytes. D, representative immunofluorescence micrographs showing that Fabp5 knockdown decreased neutral lipids and lipid droplets in chondrocytes in the presence of TGF-beta2 at 5 ng/ml for 48 h. Neutral lipids and lipid droplets are labeled with BODIPY 493/503 (green), Fabp5 is visualized in red (Alexa Fluor 647), F-actin cytoskeleton is visualized with TRITC-phalloidin (gray, Em565), and nuclei are labeled with Dapi (blue). Scale bars: 20 um (first three columns) and 5 um (last two columns, enlarged images). J, Representative immunofluorescence micrographs showing that TGF-beta2 knockdown decreased neutral lipids and lipid droplets in chondrocytes. Neutral lipids and lipid droplets are labeled with BODIPY 493/503 (green), Fabp5 is visualized in red (Alexa Fluor 647), F-actin cytoskeleton is visualized with TRITC-phalloidin (gray, Em565), and nuclei are labeled with Dapi (blue). Scale bars: 20 um (first three columns) and 5 um (last two columns, enlarged images).

Wei, Pi, Qi et al 2026, The Journal of Biological Chemistry · CC BY 4.0

Stained sections and smears 12

Hyaline cartilage histological section, H&E stain. Chondrocytes in lacunae visible within the cartilage matrix.

Nbnidhi · CC BY 4.0

Safranin-O/Fast Green staining of knee articular cartilage. Red areas indicate preserved cartilage proteoglycans; green areas show depletion. From a DMM-induced OA model study of FGF9 intra-articular delivery.

Lo, Chen, Huang et al 2026, Bone and Joint Research · CC BY 4.0

Human osteochondral explant H&E. Preserved (normal), lesioned (OA), and treated cartilage regions in the same section. Subchondral bone visible beneath cartilage.

Sayedipour, Mazzini, Tuerlings et al 2026, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · CC BY 4.0

Hypertrophic zone of the epiphyseal growth plate, light microscopy. Large hypertrophic chondrocytes in lacunae with calcified matrix visible. Demonstrates the transition from proliferative to hypertrophic zone preceding ossification.

Robert M. Hunt · Public domain

Hyaline cartilage histological section, H&E stain. Chondrocytes are visible as dark-staining nuclei within clear lacunae in the pale cartilage matrix. Basophilic (blue-purple) matrix reflects proteoglycan and collagen content.

Ganímedes · CC BY-SA 3.0

Histological cartilage evaluation in femoral condyles. Representative hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of osteaoarthritic (OA) femoral condyles and their contralateral healthy (HT) from (A,D) SHAM: sham surgery, treated with placebo; (B,E) CONT: control, operated knees treated with placebo; (C,F) ASU: operated knees treated with avocado/soybean unsaponifiables. (G) The bar graph shows semiquantitative histological scores for cartilage structure (CART), chondrocyte abnormalities (CHOND), tidemark integrity (TIDEMARK), and total score (TOTAL) in the previously mentioned groups. Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences with the contralateral HT joint and the hash (#) indicates significant differences with the SHAM-OA group. Four-point stars denote chondrocyte clusters, black arrows denote empty lacunae, and dashed arrows denote surface undulations and irregularities.

Sabucedo-Suarez, Munoz, Permuy et al 2026, Frontiers in Veterinary Science · CC BY 4.0

RSS enhances chondrocyte aggregation and chondrogenesis while suppressing adipogenesis. (A) Phase-contrast images of micromass cultures with and without RSS treatment. Scale bar: 400 um. (B) Representative images of Alcian blue staining indicating glycosaminoglycan deposition in micromass cultures with and without RSS. Scale bar: 200 um. (C) Representative images of Oil Red O staining showing lipid droplet formation in micromass cultures with and without RSS. Scale bar: 50 um. (D) Quantitative analysis of integrated optical density (IOD) for Alcian blue staining. * p < 0.05, n = 3. (E) Quantification of Oil Red O-positive area. **** p < 0.0001, n = 3.

Zhang, Huang, Zhang et al 2026, Journal of Functional Biomaterials · CC BY 4.0

UDFM the cellular status was observed at varying degrees of freshness. In the fresh group, intact cellular structures were clearly visible, closely resembling those seen in histological staining. The diameter of the chondrocyte lacunae was measured to be 25.28 um and 23.23 um. In contrast, cartilage tissue preserved for more than one day rarely exhibited intact cellular structures.

Zhang, Ma, Wen et al 2026, Journal of Translational Medicine · CC BY 4.0

Representative specimens of human knee joint cartilage (distal femur). (a) macroscopic photograph, (b) H&E staining and Safranin O staining of tissue section. Superficial, middle and deep zones of articular cartilage visible with chondrocytes arranged in characteristic columns in the proliferative and hypertrophic zones. Safranin O staining (red) shows proteoglycan content; reduced staining in degenerated areas indicates matrix loss.

Kiyomatsu H 2026, Journal of biomedical optics · CC BY 4.0

Representative specimens of human shoulder joint cartilage (humeral head). (a) macroscopic photograph, (b) H&E staining and Safranin O staining of tissue section. Safranin O stains proteoglycans red in cartilage matrix; H&E reveals the tissue architecture. Chondrocytes are visible within their lacunae distributed throughout the cartilage zones. Less-degenerated and degenerated areas are indicated.

Kiyomatsu H 2026, Journal of biomedical optics · CC BY 4.0

Histological section of rat knee articular cartilage showing chondrocytes within their lacunae against territorial and interterritorial matrix. Autophagy-related structural changes assessed across OA model groups.

Wang Z 2025, Frontiers in immunology · CC BY 4.0

H&E staining of rat knee articular cartilage in a knee osteoarthritis model showing surface fibrillation, chondrocyte cluster formation, and reduced staining of the territorial matrix characteristic of early OA.

Wang Z 2025, Frontiers in immunology · CC BY 4.0

Light microscopy 1

Hyaline cartilage section, polarised light microscopy. Collagen II fibers appear birefringent. Parallel superficial zone fibers and perpendicular deep zone fibers are visible as distinct birefringence patterns reflecting zonal architecture.

Emmanuelm at en.wikipedia · CC BY 3.0

Other micrographs 3

Articular cartilage ECM zonal architecture. Superficial zone: collagen II fibers aligned parallel to articular surface (resists shear). Deep zone: fibers aligned perpendicular to bone interface (absorbs compression).

Bautista, Park, Mazur, Aaron, Bilgen · CC0

ECM production by chondrocytes and chondrosarcoma cells cultured as single cells under static and compressive conditions. (A) Schematic summary of the experimental design. Chondrocytes expressing ACAN (red) and COL1A1 (green) (B) or COL1A1, 2, and 6 (green) (C) in static conditions (top) and exposed to cyclic compression (bottom). Chondrosarcoma expressing ACAN (red) and COL1A1 (green) (D) or COL1A1, 2, 6 (green) (E) in static culture (top) and exposed to compression (bottom). White arrows indicate protein deposition in the surrounding of the cells which we consider as protein protrusions. Percentage of cells presenting protein protrusions out of the 40 considered cells for chondrocytes (F) and chondrosarcoma cells (G). Scale bars: 20 um

Paggi, Porsul, Le Gac et al 2026, Cartilage · CC BY 4.0

Changes in microtubule bundles in mitotic chondrocytes in response to substrates with different stiffnesses. a Representative CLSM images showing changes in microtubule bundles in chondrocytes in response to soft/stiff substrates. The cyan arrows indicate microtubule connections between the two cells. b Top-view CLSM images showing morphological changes in the microtubules of individual chondrocytes in response to soft/stiff substrates. c Quantitative analysis of the total number of microtubules in the cytoplasmic region showed that more microtubule bundles were formed on the stiff substrate than on the soft substrate. The results are based on 30 cells from five independent experiments. d Representative CLSM images showing the distribution of microtubules in mitotic chondrocytes in response to soft or stiff substrates (n = 5). Boxed areas (right) indicate changes in microtubule bundles at the center of the two nuclei. White arrows indicate different morphologies and distributions of microtubule bundles in the center of the two immature nuclei at anaphase. e Quantitative analysis of the number of microtubule bundles at the center of the two nuclei in mitotic chondrocytes. The results are based on 15 cells from five independent experiments.

Duan, Zhou, Su et al 2026, Bone Research · CC BY 4.0

Figures and diagrams 3

Chondrocyte in its lacuna. Territorial matrix (type VI collagen capsule) and interterritorial matrix (type II collagen, aggrecan, hyaluronan) shown.

Chondro / chondro.site · CC0

Articular cartilage zones: superficial (tangential), middle (transitional), deep (radial), calcified, and subchondral bone. Collagen fiber orientation shown per zone.

Chondro / chondro.site · CC0

Growth plate zones: resting, proliferating, hypertrophic, calcified cartilage, and primary spongiosa.

Chondro / chondro.site · CC0

Signaling 27

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Signaling page holds the dated feed.

  1. Wang ZL, Li HB, Li YT. Combined in vitro microcurrent stimulation and celecoxib suppress NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling and cartilage catabolism in human chondrocytes. Immunol Res. 2026;74:115. PMID: 42789005. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  2. Wei X, Guan B, He X, Zhu S, Bi R. Role of Notch signaling pathway in joint homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2026;14:1861292. PMID: 42769654. keyword: Notch signaling pathway
  3. Zhang L, Yang X, Yu Y, Yang L. Mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles remodel the immune-repair microenvironment in osteoarthritis: from pathological signal transmission to regenerative therapy. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1936617. PMID: 42756019. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  4. Zhu G, Yang Y, Ma Y, Wu G, Tian K, He X, et al. Artemotil Attenuates Fibrosis-Associated Chondrocyte Remodelling in Osteoarthritis in Association With STC1-Related TGF-β/SMAD2/3 Signalling. J Cell Mol Med. 2026;30:e71374. PMID: 42747683. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  5. Toumi H, Almhdie-Imjabbar A, Lespessailles E. Piezo1 as a Key Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Linking Mechanical Overload to Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Mitophagy, and Immunometabolic Dysregulation in Osteoarthritis. Cells. 2026;15:1511. PMID: 42738805. keyword: calcium signaling
  6. Wang Y, Wang Y, Li S, Chen X, Hou Y, Wang C, et al. Eugenol preserves chondrocyte extracellular matrix homeostasis by modulating the ALK1/ALK5-associated TGF-β/Smad signaling axis. Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1885138. PMID: 42723961. keyword: SMAD signaling
  7. Hu H, Li G, Wang Y, Xie S, Cao F, Li H, et al. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside alleviates inflammatory injury in osteoarthritis chondrocytes through ERBB2-associated JAK2/STAT3 signaling: network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1891212. PMID: 42718780. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  8. Zhou R, Li J, Chen S, Meng C, Liu Q, Huang X, et al. Corilagin attenuates osteoarthritis progression by coordinating NF-κB inhibition with PI3K/AKT/mTOR-associated autophagy restoration. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;188:117342. PMID: 42664894. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  9. Valerio HP, Corrêa de Melo T, Barbosa de Souza Rizzo M, Teixeira de Melo A, Alvarez-Flores MP, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Proteomic Dynamics Reveal Cell-Cycle and Rho GTPase Remodeling Associated with Transient Senescence Traits in Human Chondrocytes During Sustained IL-1β Signaling. Cells. 2026;15:1431. PMID: 42645159. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  10. Yang L, Feng J, He W, Huang Y. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin alleviate osteoarthritis through regulates autophagy via IGF1R/JAK2/STAT3 axis. Phytomedicine. 2026;161:158571. PMID: 42636684. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  11. Yuan S, Chen H, Wei J, Tan J, Liu S, Fu Z. Integrated single-cell and experimental validation links effector chondrocyte-associated oxidative stress to EIF6-related p47phox-NOX2 signaling in osteoarthritis. Front Physiol. 2026;17:1882484. PMID: 42630363. keyword: p47phox–NOX2 signaling
  12. Gui Y, Ma R, Ma L, Zou T, Zhang K, Guo X. Fluoride induced chondrocyte extracellular matrix degradation by inhibition of glycolysis by the PHD2/HIF1α signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2026;126:105140. PMID: 42628705. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  13. Li W, Wang Q, Gu X, Chen M, Xu Q, Li D, et al. Metasurface-enhanced surface plasmon resonance microscopy for long-term label-free monitoring of chondrocyte-biointerface dynamics under mechanical, genetic, and inflammatory perturbations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2026;268:116084. PMID: 42607386. keyword: Wnt/β-catenin signaling
  14. Widowati W, Lydia L, Rumayauw J G, Wijaya MP, Caroline S S M, Putera JH, et al. Secretome Derived from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Approach for Osteoarthritis: Insights from In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Evidence. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2026;84:3319-3332. PMID: 42601565. keyword: Paracrine signaling
  15. Luo F, Yuan X, Zhou H, Wang Q, Chen C, Ling Y, et al. Extracellular vesicle-mediated immune crosstalk in rheumatoid arthritis synovium: mechanistic insights and translational challenges. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1891984. PMID: 42598067. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  16. Zhang X, Gong C, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Yang Y, et al. Methylnissolin preserves chondrocyte homeostasis and attenuates experimental osteoarthritis through modulation of the PI3K-AKT-NF-κB signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;187:117245. PMID: 42567109. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  17. Mai L, Zhu R, Liu Y, Feng J, Huang M, Yin M, et al. Mechanism of RORα in promoting osteoarthritis through p53 deubiquitination-mediated chondrocyte ferroptosis. iScience. 2026;29:116939. PMID: 42565176. keyword: retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha
  18. Zhang Z, Zhang C, Ju Y, Zhou Y, Guo W, Xie J, et al. Palmitoylation of TK1 exacerbates osteoarthritis by promoting JNK-mediated metabolic reprogramming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2602136123. PMID: 42546205. MeSH: MAP Kinase Signaling System
  19. Yang J, Kubav A. Circular RNAs orchestrate molecular networks in osteoarthritis: From miRNA sponging to epigenetic and exosome-mediated regulation. Mol Biol Rep. 2026;53:1322. PMID: 42545381. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  20. Jain M, Anuja AK, Yadav S, Ara J, Ojha A, Chaturvedi CP. Non-coding RNA in osteoarthritis: mechanistic insights and future perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2026;17:1851589. PMID: 42523837. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  21. Pan J, Wang X, Gao Y, Ma Y, Ma J, Wang Z. DINCH exposure contributes to osteoarthritis pathogenesis via TSPO-mediated chondrotoxicity: Evidence from in silico prediction to experimental validation. Chem Biol Interact. 2026;437:112266. PMID: 42501774. MeSH: Receptors, GABA
  22. Hao D, Lu W, Wang F, Zhang L. Exercise therapy-associated changes in Periostin (POSTN) osteoarthritis are linked to Hippo-YAP signaling. Mol Biol Rep. 2026;53:1232. PMID: 42484941. MeSH: YAP-Signaling Proteins
  23. Kulyar MF, Pachaleva J, Brazaite S, Akhtar M, Hasan MM, Kaboli S, et al. Signal-driven interplay between lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis orchestrates osteoarthritis degeneration. J Orthop Translat. 2026;60:101178. PMID: 42471867. keyword: Chondrocyte signalling
  24. Ai X, Zhu C, Xie Y, Luo X, Zhang C. ITGB1-Mediated Focal Adhesion Signaling Underlies the Chondroprotective Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2026;105:704-713. PMID: 42468008. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  25. Wei J, Pi C, Qi Y, Yang W, Sun J, Xu X, et al. TGF-β2 drives lipid droplet accumulation in chondrocytes through the TβRI/p-smad3/fabp5 axis. J Biol Chem. 2026;302:113317. PMID: 42409266. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  26. Duan M, Zhou C, Su G, Zhang C, Ren J, Chi Q, et al. Microenvironmental stiffness directs microtubule perturbation in chondrocyte mitosis via ILK-refilinB/Smad3 axis. Bone Res. 2026;14:15. PMID: 41617674. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  27. Wang Z, Zhao C, Li M, Zhang L, Diao J, Wu Y, et al. Tuina therapy alleviates knee osteoarthritis by modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy: an integrated machine learning and in vivo rat study. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1635818. PMID: 41103437. MeSH: Signal Transduction

Disorders 89

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Disorders page holds the dated feed.

  1. Liang Z, Sun Q, Song D, Jia X, Han C, Han J, et al. Fabrication of a novel carboxymethyl chitosan-manganese complex and its multidimensional regulatory effects on the joint microenvironment in early osteoarthritis. Biomater Adv. 2027;190:215169. PMID: 42743824. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  2. Su H, Zhu Q, Xiang J, Wu Q, Sun W, Fang J, et al. Hierarchical Nanorocket for spatially coordinated regulation of glycosaminoglycan deposition and metabolism in cartilage. Bioact Mater. 2027;68:148-161. PMID: 42733560. keyword: Osteoarthritis intervention
  3. Kiyomatsu H, Toda K, Katagiri T, Taketani A, Sugiyama K, Kutsuna T, et al. Histopathological analysis for human articular cartilage using a Raman probe system. J Biomed Opt. 2026;31:097005. PMID: 42812546. MeSH: Cartilage, Articular/pathology
  4. Wang ZL, Li HB, Li YT. Combined in vitro microcurrent stimulation and celecoxib suppress NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling and cartilage catabolism in human chondrocytes. Immunol Res. 2026;74:115. PMID: 42789005. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  5. Li Z, Lv Y, Li W, Guo Z, Huang Z, Wei M, et al. Infrapatellar fat pad exosomes promote osteoarthritis by reprogramming macrophage polarization. Biomaterials. 2026;338:124643. PMID: 42785223. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  6. Vescio RR, Fiordalisi MF, Ambrosio L, Fiorentino D, de Rinaldis E, Di Giacomo G, et al. Irisin in Cartilage Homeostasis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications for Osteoarthritis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2026;11:343. PMID: 42783637. keyword: inflammation
  7. Guo Y, Zhang X, Zhao S, Bian C, Zhu M, Su C, et al. Therapeutic Effects of WIN55,212-2 on Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis in a Rat Model and Primary Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Chondrocytes. Curr Med Chem. 2026. PMID: 42770450. keyword: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
  8. Wei X, Guan B, He X, Zhu S, Bi R. Role of Notch signaling pathway in joint homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2026;14:1861292. PMID: 42769654. keyword: osteoarthritis
  9. Shodiev DR, Zvyagina VI, Shchul'kin AV, Marsyanova YA, Ryabova MN, Belskikh ES. Analysis of SUCNR1 in Cartilage Tissue and Its Association with Succinate Metabolism in the Metabolic Phenotype of Osteoarthritis. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2026. PMID: 42768252. keyword: osteoarthritis
  10. Liu J, Ke H, Su L, Lin Z, Liu C, Jiang S, et al. Yam-Derived Vesicles Alleviate Osteoarthritis via miRNA-Mediated Suppression of the TLR4-TRAF6 Signaling Axis. Small. 2026:e75914. PMID: 42766346. keyword: osteoarthritis
  11. Das S, Swain P, Swain S, Misra RDK, Rautray TR. Epidemiology and potential mechanisms of structural progression in osteoarthritis. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2026;54:781-818. PMID: 42762435. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  12. Zhang Z, Wang J, Bian H, Chen J, Wang J, Sun Y, et al. Revealing the bioactive components and possible mechanism of Tongbi Lingding in the treatment of osteoarthritis based on UPLC-MS/MS, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2026. PMID: 42760374. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  13. Zhang L, Yang X, Yu Y, Yang L. Mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles remodel the immune-repair microenvironment in osteoarthritis: from pathological signal transmission to regenerative therapy. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1936617. PMID: 42756019. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  14. Xu J, Wang W, Liu L, Wang C, Liu N, Wang X, et al. The application of novel ultrathin iron sulphide nanosheets in the nanotherapy of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Mater Today Bio. 2026;40:103630. PMID: 42750882. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  15. Zhu G, Yang Y, Ma Y, Wu G, Tian K, He X, et al. Artemotil Attenuates Fibrosis-Associated Chondrocyte Remodelling in Osteoarthritis in Association With STC1-Related TGF-β/SMAD2/3 Signalling. J Cell Mol Med. 2026;30:e71374. PMID: 42747683. MeSH: Chondrocytes/pathology
  16. Lu X, Wang Z, Hu W, Hu J, Zou Y. Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates osteoarthritis progression by modulating the Nrf2-mediated autophagy pathway. Connect Tissue Res. 2026:1-18. PMID: 42742542. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  17. Toumi H, Almhdie-Imjabbar A, Lespessailles E. Piezo1 as a Key Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Linking Mechanical Overload to Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Mitophagy, and Immunometabolic Dysregulation in Osteoarthritis. Cells. 2026;15:1511. PMID: 42738805. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  18. Nakamura K, Fujii Y, Arai Y, Nakagawa S, Inoue A, Cha R, et al. HIF-PH Inhibitor Promotes Stabilization of HIF-1α via Inhibition of Its Degradation and Exerts Chondroprotective Effects in a Rat Osteoarthritis Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:7869. PMID: 42737766. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  19. Chen YX, Zhang F, Ding Y, Zheng MH, Zhou ZA, Qiu L, et al. Advances in drug delivery systems for Osteoarthritis therapy: exosomes, microparticles, nanoparticles, and hydrogels. Discov Nano. 2026;21:440. PMID: 42734879. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  20. Zhang Z, Li Y, Ye M, Liu H, Huang Q, Wang X, et al. A biomimetic chondrocyte membrane-camouflaged tFNA nanoplatform for reprogramming the cartilage-synovium axis in osteoarthritis. Mater Today Bio. 2026;40:103609. PMID: 42733614. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  21. Liu H, Yao D, Wang Y, Kong Q. SERPINE1/PAI-1 in Skeletal Degeneration: A Proposed Context-Dependent Framework for Bone Remodeling Regulation. Calcif Tissue Int. 2026;117:138. PMID: 42726129. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  22. Wang Y, Wang Y, Li S, Chen X, Hou Y, Wang C, et al. Eugenol preserves chondrocyte extracellular matrix homeostasis by modulating the ALK1/ALK5-associated TGF-β/Smad signaling axis. Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1885138. PMID: 42723961. keyword: osteoarthritis
  23. Khaliji E, Wong TS, Barker CM, Chen S, Cassano JM. Non-coding RNA profiles associated with equine osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Front Vet Sci. 2026;13:1917722. PMID: 42719329. keyword: osteoarthritis
  24. Hu H, Li G, Wang Y, Xie S, Cao F, Li H, et al. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside alleviates inflammatory injury in osteoarthritis chondrocytes through ERBB2-associated JAK2/STAT3 signaling: network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1891212. PMID: 42718780. MeSH: Chondrocytes/pathology
  25. Zhong H, He Q, Qin F, Shu Y, Wang Y, Yang X, et al. In situ-built chemo-electroactive hydrogel incorporating Mg-based hydrogen generators for osteoarthritis therapy. Mater Today Bio. 2026;40:103604. PMID: 42718625. keyword: Anti-inflammation
  26. Xia D, Li J, Zhou X, Yu C, Yang S. DOT1L-mediated H3K79me3 of ITCH promotes AURKA ubiquitination to suppress ECM degradation in osteoarthritis. Mol Genet Genomics. 2026;301:188. PMID: 42714638. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  27. Wang T, Liu Y. Vestitol Ameliorates Ferroptosis-Associated Features and Osteoarthritis Progression Through Modulation of the GSK3B/Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2026. PMID: 42711652. keyword: Inflammation
  28. Novotný R, Rajzer I, Franková J. In vitro evaluation of hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, graphene oxide and zinc oxide for osteochondral regeneration under inflammatory conditions. Mol Cell Biochem. 2026. PMID: 42709332. keyword: Inflammation
  29. Chen S, Yang S, He J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wu J, et al. Chlorogenic acid protects against knee osteoarthritis by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 redox-ferroptosis axis and inflammatory cartilage degeneration. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;189:117382. PMID: 42705065. keyword: Knee osteoarthritis
  30. Ji C, Niu C, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zeng Q, Chen Y. Chondroitin sulfate and collagen peptides co-derived from sturgeon cartilage: Characterization and combined effects on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol. 2026;382:154169. PMID: 42702320. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  31. Yue H, Alhaskawi A, Ezzi SHA, Zhou J. Biologic and regenerative strategies for osteoarthritis: advances in MSC, exosome, and PRP based therapies. Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1897284. PMID: 42694831. keyword: osteoarthritis
  32. Ragni E, Taiana M, Landoni S, Valli F, Nebuloni AM, De Luca P, et al. Matrix Protective and Anti-Inflammatory In Vitro Potential of Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived EVs Coupled With Platelet-Derived Fibrin Gel. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2026;31:54998. PMID: 42689990. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  33. Wang Y, Kang L, Chen K, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Xu P, et al. ROS-responsive injectable hydrogel enables controlled release of human adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles for multifaceted osteoarthritis therapy. J Nanobiotechnology. 2026;24:829. PMID: 42687185. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  34. Zhou J, Hu J, Yada E, Zhong J, Terai Y, Winlove CP, et al. Restoring pre-osteoarthritis cartilage matrix integrity via Col9 mRNA halts osteoarthritis progression. Sci Adv. 2026;12:eaef9739. PMID: 42685225. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  35. Gao S, Huo X, Shen P, Ma J, Ma X. CSNK2A2 drives knee osteoarthritis progression by co-activating the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2026;786:110986. PMID: 42674201. keyword: Knee osteoarthritis
  36. He Y, Li C, Chen K, Wang X, Xu S, Zhou Z, et al. MYDGF as a telomerase activator and therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. Adv Biotechnol (Singap). 2026;4:34. PMID: 42671689. keyword: Osteoarthritis (OA)
  37. Zhou R, Li J, Chen S, Meng C, Liu Q, Huang X, et al. Corilagin attenuates osteoarthritis progression by coordinating NF-κB inhibition with PI3K/AKT/mTOR-associated autophagy restoration. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;188:117342. PMID: 42664894. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  38. Sato S, Iwata H, Yamamoto T, Somemura S, Takemoto M, Takahashi-Suzuki Y, et al. Repetitive Compressive Loading Downregulates the Expression of Autophagy-Related Factors, Autophagy Capacity and Cellular Activity in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:7485. PMID: 42653480. MeSH: Chondrocytes/pathology
  39. He X, Guo M, Lian H, Chen L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in Combination with Hydrogels for Osteoarthritis: From Exploratory Applications to Optimization and Translational Outlook. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2026;48:764. PMID: 42651763. keyword: osteoarthritis (OA)
  40. Gao J, Xue Z, Qiu H, Chen C, Li C. Bai@Cu-MOF alleviates osteoarthritis by targeting ferroptosis and restoring chondrocyte redox balance. Int J Biol Macromol. 2026;381:154214. PMID: 42648682. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  41. Raja K, Suresh DG, Albeshri JK, Rawat SS, Prithishkumar IJ, Nau T, et al. Inflammation-Associated Changes in Piezo1 Expression, Mitophagy-Related Markers, and Matrix Dysregulation in an LPS-Stimulated Co-Culture Organoid System. Cells. 2026;15:1482. PMID: 42645208. MeSH: Inflammation
  42. Valerio HP, Corrêa de Melo T, Barbosa de Souza Rizzo M, Teixeira de Melo A, Alvarez-Flores MP, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Proteomic Dynamics Reveal Cell-Cycle and Rho GTPase Remodeling Associated with Transient Senescence Traits in Human Chondrocytes During Sustained IL-1β Signaling. Cells. 2026;15:1431. PMID: 42645159. keyword: chronic inflammation
  43. Du G, Wang D, Chen Q, Sun J, Shuai Q, Zhang Q, et al. A stiffness-tunable 3D alginate-collagen-hyaluronic acid model reveals the matrix-dependent chondroprotection of quercetin in osteoarthritis. Biomater Adv. 2026;189:215130. PMID: 42641414. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  44. Wells LM, Keen JAC, Sharma A, Marr N, Hansen R, Pereira JS, et al. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 modulates chondrocyte transition to hypertrophy and provides in vivo protection against spontaneous osteoarthritis. Bone Res. 2026;14:89. PMID: 42637709. MeSH: Chondrocytes/pathology
  45. Yang L, Feng J, He W, Huang Y. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin alleviate osteoarthritis through regulates autophagy via IGF1R/JAK2/STAT3 axis. Phytomedicine. 2026;161:158571. PMID: 42636684. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  46. Zhang R, Zhang W, Ou S, Xu C, Qi Y, Yang Y. VHL/CDO1 axis regulates chondrocyte ferroptosis and knee osteoarthritis progression. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2026;785:110980. PMID: 42632536. MeSH: Chondrocytes/pathology
  47. Yuan S, Chen H, Wei J, Tan J, Liu S, Fu Z. Integrated single-cell and experimental validation links effector chondrocyte-associated oxidative stress to EIF6-related p47phox-NOX2 signaling in osteoarthritis. Front Physiol. 2026;17:1882484. PMID: 42630363. keyword: osteoarthritis
  48. Safiyyu MU, Syed NH, Azlan M, Zain MRAM, Nurul AA. MicroRNAs as Key Regulators of Degeneration and Inflammation in Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2026;14:197-208. PMID: 42621662. keyword: inflammation
  49. Iqbal Z, Shabbir M, Rasul F, Xia J, Zeng H, Liang Y, et al. Extracellular matrix targeting peptide functionalized plant-derived lipid nanoparticles for gene therapy in osteoarthritis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2026. PMID: 42619364. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  50. Yuan XS, Zhang HJ, Ding JX, Luo ZL, Chen M, Zhang XQ, et al. IGF2BP3 Overexpression Accelerates Osteoarthritis Progression by Promoting Glycolysis via m6A-Dependent Stabilization of ECM1 mRNA. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2026:e70280. PMID: 42618981. keyword: osteoarthritis
  51. Li W, Wang Q, Gu X, Chen M, Xu Q, Li D, et al. Metasurface-enhanced surface plasmon resonance microscopy for long-term label-free monitoring of chondrocyte-biointerface dynamics under mechanical, genetic, and inflammatory perturbations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2026;268:116084. PMID: 42607386. MeSH: Inflammation
  52. Widowati W, Lydia L, Rumayauw J G, Wijaya MP, Caroline S S M, Putera JH, et al. Secretome Derived from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Approach for Osteoarthritis: Insights from In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Evidence. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2026;84:3319-3332. PMID: 42601565. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  53. Luo F, Yuan X, Zhou H, Wang Q, Chen C, Ling Y, et al. Extracellular vesicle-mediated immune crosstalk in rheumatoid arthritis synovium: mechanistic insights and translational challenges. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1891984. PMID: 42598067. MeSH: Arthritis, Rheumatoid
  54. Tang R, Yin J, Li S, Wang S, Fei J, Zhou Z. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a key mediator of endplate chondrocyte senescence: emerging insights and targeted interventions. Exp Gerontol. 2026;223:113276. PMID: 42595025. MeSH: Mitochondria/pathology
  55. Wang Z, Shi X, Yang G, Zheng K, Xu R. Sex hormones and their receptors in osteoarthritis: current research progress. Ann Jt. 2026;11:43. PMID: 42591740. keyword: Osteoarthritis (OA)
  56. Dalton J, Divi SN, Eichbaum YK, Luksanapruksa P, Ng MK, Huang R, et al. The Biological Response of Human NP Cells to Soluble Collagen VI. Cells. 2026;15:1339. PMID: 42587749. MeSH: Nucleus Pulposus/pathology
  57. Shao H, Lei Z, Yang W, Zhou J, Li Q, Xu S, et al. Immunomodulatory thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel platform maintains cartilage-synovium homeostasis for enhanced osteoarthritis therapy. Bioact Mater. 2026;66:1167-1185. PMID: 42571192. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  58. Zhou Q, Shen Q, Gao Z, Shi W, Guo Q. HRX-215 attenuates cartilage fibrosis in osteoarthritis progression and microfracture repair by targeting MKK4. Biochem Pharmacol. 2026;254:118336. PMID: 42570848. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  59. Qiwei F, Jiahua S, Shu C, Jia C, Haobo L, Jun Z. Epigenetic-metabolic coupling by SOX3/WDR5-SIRT5 signaling mediates the therapeutic effects of TGFβ-targeted exosomal nanoparticles in osteoarthritis. Mater Today Bio. 2026;39:103457. PMID: 42569264. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  60. Zhang X, Gong C, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Yang Y, et al. Methylnissolin preserves chondrocyte homeostasis and attenuates experimental osteoarthritis through modulation of the PI3K-AKT-NF-κB signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;187:117245. PMID: 42567109. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  61. Mai L, Zhu R, Liu Y, Feng J, Huang M, Yin M, et al. Mechanism of RORα in promoting osteoarthritis through p53 deubiquitination-mediated chondrocyte ferroptosis. iScience. 2026;29:116939. PMID: 42565176. keyword: osteoarthritis
  62. Faraldo NC, Ribeiro MDS, Apolonio EVP, Ferrari LC, Portugal LC, de Moura FBC, et al. Optimizing osteochondral decalcification and histological processing in ovine joint models. Braz J Vet Med. 2026;48:e013925. PMID: 42553617. keyword: orthopedic pathology
  63. Zhang Z, Zhang C, Ju Y, Zhou Y, Guo W, Xie J, et al. Palmitoylation of TK1 exacerbates osteoarthritis by promoting JNK-mediated metabolic reprogramming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2602136123. PMID: 42546205. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  64. Yang J, Kubav A. Circular RNAs orchestrate molecular networks in osteoarthritis: From miRNA sponging to epigenetic and exosome-mediated regulation. Mol Biol Rep. 2026;53:1322. PMID: 42545381. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  65. Jiang B, Jiang X, Li S, Niu H, Ji W. Curcumin-Loaded GelMA Microspheres Alleviate Osteoarthritis: Transcriptomic Evidence for Immune Microenvironment Remodeling and ECM Homeostasis Restoration. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2026;108:e70373. PMID: 42543780. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  66. Maheshwari C, Reddy CB, Kodieswaran M, Nandi SK, Mandal BB. Compartmentalized Dual-Drug Injectable Hydrogel for Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Osteoarthritic Cartilage Repair. Small. 2026;22:e74820. PMID: 42535426. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  67. Yang F, Wang Q, Zhu X, Yao Y, Yu T, Xiao X. Energy crisis and cartilage collapse: metabolic reprogramming of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1834080. PMID: 42534542. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  68. Liu Y, Zhang Y, Huang R, Bai L, Liu L, Wang C, et al. Contrasting Effects of HT-2 Toxin Exposure and ZIP6 Knockdown on Chondrocyte Extracellular Matrix Metabolism. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2026;40:e71056. PMID: 42533448. MeSH: Chondrocytes/pathology
  69. Zhang L, Xing X, Zhou C, Fu F, Chen Z, Wu C, et al. Sophoridine attenuates osteoarthritis progression: association with suppression of chondrocyte pyroptosis via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1861567. PMID: 42528752. keyword: inflammation
  70. Jain M, Anuja AK, Yadav S, Ara J, Ojha A, Chaturvedi CP. Non-coding RNA in osteoarthritis: mechanistic insights and future perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2026;17:1851589. PMID: 42523837. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  71. Mou Y, Tian T, Wang P, Wang X, Li W, Tang W, et al. Compressive stress-driven mechanosignaling in chondrocytes: From molecular mechanism to scaffold engineering and translational opportunities. Mater Today Bio. 2026;39:103453. PMID: 42518697. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  72. Zhao Y, Liu X. Epigenetic regulation in osteoarthritis: recent updates and emerging mechanisms. Front Genet. 2026;17:1862466. PMID: 42517028. keyword: osteoarthritis
  73. Pan J, Wang X, Gao Y, Ma Y, Ma J, Wang Z. DINCH exposure contributes to osteoarthritis pathogenesis via TSPO-mediated chondrotoxicity: Evidence from in silico prediction to experimental validation. Chem Biol Interact. 2026;437:112266. PMID: 42501774. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  74. Chang Y, Kong K, Jin M, Liu S, Yang Y, Zhu Y, et al. Artificial Chlorella Biohybrids for Alleviation of Cartilage Degeneration in Osteoarthritis. Exploration (Beijing). 2026;6:20250125. PMID: 42494574. keyword: osteoarthritis
  75. Wang P, Tang W, Mou Y, Wang X, Li W, Niloy NR, et al. Mechanical sensing of fluid shear stress biphasically regulates chondrocyte metabolism and osteoarthritis progression: Implications for therapeutics. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2026;201:265-273. PMID: 42492727. MeSH: Chondrocytes/pathology
  76. Hao D, Lu W, Wang F, Zhang L. Exercise therapy-associated changes in Periostin (POSTN) osteoarthritis are linked to Hippo-YAP signaling. Mol Biol Rep. 2026;53:1232. PMID: 42484941. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  77. Li T, Zheng A, Zhu C, Li Y, Yang Z, Tang X, et al. Mitochondria-targeted MXene-based nanozymes promote mitophagy and inhibit mtDNA-triggered cGAS/STING inflammation in osteoarthritis. Bioact Mater. 2026;66:412-427. PMID: 42473606. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  78. Kulyar MF, Pachaleva J, Brazaite S, Akhtar M, Hasan MM, Kaboli S, et al. Signal-driven interplay between lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis orchestrates osteoarthritis degeneration. J Orthop Translat. 2026;60:101178. PMID: 42471867. keyword: Osteoarthritis
  79. Dong H, Zhang X, Luo Y, Jin J, Luo Z, Lu Y. Mechanisms and research progress of statins in osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;186:117141. PMID: 42468167. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  80. Ai X, Zhu C, Xie Y, Luo X, Zhang C. ITGB1-Mediated Focal Adhesion Signaling Underlies the Chondroprotective Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2026;105:704-713. PMID: 42468008. MeSH: Osteoarthritis, Knee
  81. Wang Z, Zhu P, Li H, Zhang Q, Cheng J, Cai Y. Multi-cell-component cartilage organoids simulate intercellular microstress, hypoxic microenvironment, and chondrocyte-endothelial crosstalk in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2026;14:1852010. PMID: 42465663. keyword: osteoarthritis
  82. Wei J, Pi C, Qi Y, Yang W, Sun J, Xu X, et al. TGF-β2 drives lipid droplet accumulation in chondrocytes through the TβRI/p-smad3/fabp5 axis. J Biol Chem. 2026;302:113317. PMID: 42409266. keyword: osteoarthritis
  83. Cai X, Lv Z, Zhang C, Yang X, Wang R, Bian Y, et al. Nanozyme-Reinforced miR-197-3p Delivery Resets Metabolic and Senescence Pathways to Rejuvenate Osteoarthritic Cartilage. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026;13:e76364. PMID: 42400930. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  84. Zheng H, Yan P, Liu P, Yan C, Zhao M, Wang Z, et al. Ultrasound-Activatable Piezoelectric Hydrogel Reprograms Mitochondrial Epigenetics for Osteoarthritis Therapy via the mTOR/GATD3A Axis. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026:e76140. PMID: 42301238. keyword: osteoarthritis
  85. Sabucedo-Suárez A, Muñoz F, Permuy M, Fernández-Martín S, Cantalapiedra-González A, López-Peña M. 27-Week avocado-soybean unsaponifiables treatment in a knee osteoarthritis rabbit model: histomorphometric assessment of potential disease-modifying effects. Front Vet Sci. 2026;13:1821515. PMID: 42290786. keyword: osteoarthritis
  86. Kan T, Li X, Wang H, Sun L, Wang Y, Wu J, et al. Mechanical Activation of Piezo1 Drives Osteoarthritis Through Kdm5c-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026;13:e76089. PMID: 42284507. MeSH: Osteoarthritis
  87. Zhang G, Ma N, Wen J, Zhang T, Liu R, Fu M, et al. Ultra depth of field microscopy: a novel method for observing and characterizing of articular cartilage surface. J Transl Med. 2026;24:627. PMID: 41882648. MeSH: Cartilage, Articular/pathology
  88. Wang Z, Zhao C, Li M, Zhang L, Diao J, Wu Y, et al. Tuina therapy alleviates knee osteoarthritis by modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy: an integrated machine learning and in vivo rat study. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1635818. PMID: 41103437. MeSH: Disease Models, Animal
  89. Wilusz RE, Sanchez-Adams J, Guilak F. The structure and function of the pericellular matrix of articular cartilage. Matrix Biol. 2014;39:25-32. PMID: 25172825. MeSH: Cartilage, Articular/pathology

Medications 29

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Medications page holds the dated feed.

  1. Liang Z, Sun Q, Song D, Jia X, Han C, Han J, et al. Fabrication of a novel carboxymethyl chitosan-manganese complex and its multidimensional regulatory effects on the joint microenvironment in early osteoarthritis. Biomater Adv. 2027;190:215169. PMID: 42743824. MeSH: Chitosan/pharmacology
  2. Wang ZL, Li HB, Li YT. Combined in vitro microcurrent stimulation and celecoxib suppress NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling and cartilage catabolism in human chondrocytes. Immunol Res. 2026;74:115. PMID: 42789005. MeSH: Celecoxib/pharmacology
  3. Zhu G, Yang Y, Ma Y, Wu G, Tian K, He X, et al. Artemotil Attenuates Fibrosis-Associated Chondrocyte Remodelling in Osteoarthritis in Association With STC1-Related TGF-β/SMAD2/3 Signalling. J Cell Mol Med. 2026;30:e71374. PMID: 42747683. MeSH: Chondrocytes/drug effects
  4. Nakamura K, Fujii Y, Arai Y, Nakagawa S, Inoue A, Cha R, et al. HIF-PH Inhibitor Promotes Stabilization of HIF-1α via Inhibition of Its Degradation and Exerts Chondroprotective Effects in a Rat Osteoarthritis Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:7869. PMID: 42737766. MeSH: Osteoarthritis/drug therapy
  5. Chen YX, Zhang F, Ding Y, Zheng MH, Zhou ZA, Qiu L, et al. Advances in drug delivery systems for Osteoarthritis therapy: exosomes, microparticles, nanoparticles, and hydrogels. Discov Nano. 2026;21:440. PMID: 42734879. keyword: Drug delivery systems
  6. Hu H, Li G, Wang Y, Xie S, Cao F, Li H, et al. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside alleviates inflammatory injury in osteoarthritis chondrocytes through ERBB2-associated JAK2/STAT3 signaling: network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1891212. PMID: 42718780. MeSH: Glucosides/pharmacology
  7. Xia D, Li J, Zhou X, Yu C, Yang S. DOT1L-mediated H3K79me3 of ITCH promotes AURKA ubiquitination to suppress ECM degradation in osteoarthritis. Mol Genet Genomics. 2026;301:188. PMID: 42714638. MeSH: Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology
  8. Chen S, Yang S, He J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wu J, et al. Chlorogenic acid protects against knee osteoarthritis by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 redox-ferroptosis axis and inflammatory cartilage degeneration. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;189:117382. PMID: 42705065. keyword: Immunopharmacology
  9. Ragni E, Taiana M, Landoni S, Valli F, Nebuloni AM, De Luca P, et al. Matrix Protective and Anti-Inflammatory In Vitro Potential of Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived EVs Coupled With Platelet-Derived Fibrin Gel. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2026;31:54998. PMID: 42689990. MeSH: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
  10. Wang Y, Kang L, Chen K, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Xu P, et al. ROS-responsive injectable hydrogel enables controlled release of human adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles for multifaceted osteoarthritis therapy. J Nanobiotechnology. 2026;24:829. PMID: 42687185. MeSH: Osteoarthritis/drug therapy
  11. Zhou R, Li J, Chen S, Meng C, Liu Q, Huang X, et al. Corilagin attenuates osteoarthritis progression by coordinating NF-κB inhibition with PI3K/AKT/mTOR-associated autophagy restoration. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;188:117342. PMID: 42664894. MeSH: Hydrolyzable Tannins/therapeutic use
  12. Raja K, Suresh DG, Albeshri JK, Rawat SS, Prithishkumar IJ, Nau T, et al. Inflammation-Associated Changes in Piezo1 Expression, Mitophagy-Related Markers, and Matrix Dysregulation in an LPS-Stimulated Co-Culture Organoid System. Cells. 2026;15:1482. PMID: 42645208. MeSH: Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
  13. Valerio HP, Corrêa de Melo T, Barbosa de Souza Rizzo M, Teixeira de Melo A, Alvarez-Flores MP, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Proteomic Dynamics Reveal Cell-Cycle and Rho GTPase Remodeling Associated with Transient Senescence Traits in Human Chondrocytes During Sustained IL-1β Signaling. Cells. 2026;15:1431. PMID: 42645159. MeSH: Chondrocytes/drug effects
  14. Du G, Wang D, Chen Q, Sun J, Shuai Q, Zhang Q, et al. A stiffness-tunable 3D alginate-collagen-hyaluronic acid model reveals the matrix-dependent chondroprotection of quercetin in osteoarthritis. Biomater Adv. 2026;189:215130. PMID: 42641414. MeSH: Osteoarthritis/drug therapy
  15. Wells LM, Keen JAC, Sharma A, Marr N, Hansen R, Pereira JS, et al. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 modulates chondrocyte transition to hypertrophy and provides in vivo protection against spontaneous osteoarthritis. Bone Res. 2026;14:89. PMID: 42637709. MeSH: Chondrocytes/drug effects
  16. Yang L, Feng J, He W, Huang Y. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin alleviate osteoarthritis through regulates autophagy via IGF1R/JAK2/STAT3 axis. Phytomedicine. 2026;161:158571. PMID: 42636684. MeSH: Osteoarthritis/drug therapy
  17. Gui Y, Ma R, Ma L, Zou T, Zhang K, Guo X. Fluoride induced chondrocyte extracellular matrix degradation by inhibition of glycolysis by the PHD2/HIF1α signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2026;126:105140. PMID: 42628705. MeSH: Chondrocytes/drug effects
  18. Zhang M, Chen H, Zeng T, Peng B, Yoshitomi T, Kawazoe N, et al. Cell-Cell Interaction of Chondrocytes in Porous Alginate Hydrogels With Different Spatial Cell Distributions and Its Influence on Cell Functions. Adv Healthc Mater. 2026;15:e71592. PMID: 42603865. MeSH: Hydrogels/pharmacology
  19. Dalton J, Divi SN, Eichbaum YK, Luksanapruksa P, Ng MK, Huang R, et al. The Biological Response of Human NP Cells to Soluble Collagen VI. Cells. 2026;15:1339. PMID: 42587749. MeSH: Collagen Type VI/pharmacology
  20. Wei Z, Yu Q, Liao D, Song B, Gou X, Xie Q, et al. Temporal regulation of ascorbic acid synergizes with matrix microenvironment directs chondrogenic commitment and limits hypertrophic differentiation. Biomater Adv. 2026;189:215103. PMID: 42585995. MeSH: Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology
  21. Shao H, Lei Z, Yang W, Zhou J, Li Q, Xu S, et al. Immunomodulatory thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel platform maintains cartilage-synovium homeostasis for enhanced osteoarthritis therapy. Bioact Mater. 2026;66:1167-1185. PMID: 42571192. keyword: Drug delivery system
  22. Zhang X, Gong C, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Yang Y, et al. Methylnissolin preserves chondrocyte homeostasis and attenuates experimental osteoarthritis through modulation of the PI3K-AKT-NF-κB signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;187:117245. PMID: 42567109. MeSH: Chondrocytes/drug effects
  23. Jiang B, Jiang X, Li S, Niu H, Ji W. Curcumin-Loaded GelMA Microspheres Alleviate Osteoarthritis: Transcriptomic Evidence for Immune Microenvironment Remodeling and ECM Homeostasis Restoration. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2026;108:e70373. PMID: 42543780. MeSH: Curcumin/pharmacology
  24. Maheshwari C, Reddy CB, Kodieswaran M, Nandi SK, Mandal BB. Compartmentalized Dual-Drug Injectable Hydrogel for Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Osteoarthritic Cartilage Repair. Small. 2026;22:e74820. PMID: 42535426. MeSH: Osteoarthritis/drug therapy
  25. Liu Y, Zhang Y, Huang R, Bai L, Liu L, Wang C, et al. Contrasting Effects of HT-2 Toxin Exposure and ZIP6 Knockdown on Chondrocyte Extracellular Matrix Metabolism. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2026;40:e71056. PMID: 42533448. MeSH: Chondrocytes/drug effects
  26. Pan J, Wang X, Gao Y, Ma Y, Ma J, Wang Z. DINCH exposure contributes to osteoarthritis pathogenesis via TSPO-mediated chondrotoxicity: Evidence from in silico prediction to experimental validation. Chem Biol Interact. 2026;437:112266. PMID: 42501774. MeSH: Chondrocytes/drug effects
  27. Dong H, Zhang X, Luo Y, Jin J, Luo Z, Lu Y. Mechanisms and research progress of statins in osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;186:117141. PMID: 42468167. MeSH: Osteoarthritis/drug therapy
  28. Marchan-Alvarez JG, Koikkara S, Zhou R, Nazaraliyev A, Wiklander OPB, Newton PT. Dynamin inhibitor dynasore modulates longitudinal bone growth in a hormetic manner. BMC Biol. 2026;24:169. PMID: 42464284. MeSH: Hydrazones/pharmacology
  29. Noonan KJ, Hunziker EB, Nessler J, Buckwalter JA. Changes in cell, matrix compartment, and fibrillar collagen volumes between growth-plate zones. J Orthop Res. 1998;16:500-8. PMID: 9747793. MeSH: Fluoresceins/pharmacology

Organoids 2

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Organoids page holds the dated feed.

  1. Raja K, Suresh DG, Albeshri JK, Rawat SS, Prithishkumar IJ, Nau T, et al. Inflammation-Associated Changes in Piezo1 Expression, Mitophagy-Related Markers, and Matrix Dysregulation in an LPS-Stimulated Co-Culture Organoid System. Cells. 2026;15:1482. PMID: 42645208. MeSH: Organoids
  2. Wang Z, Zhu P, Li H, Zhang Q, Cheng J, Cai Y. Multi-cell-component cartilage organoids simulate intercellular microstress, hypoxic microenvironment, and chondrocyte-endothelial crosstalk in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2026;14:1852010. PMID: 42465663. keyword: organoid

Publications 119

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Publications page holds the dated feed.

  1. Liang Z, Sun Q, Song D, Jia X, Han C, Han J, et al. Fabrication of a novel carboxymethyl chitosan-manganese complex and its multidimensional regulatory effects on the joint microenvironment in early osteoarthritis. Biomater Adv. 2027;190:215169. PMID: 42743824. research paper
  2. Su H, Zhu Q, Xiang J, Wu Q, Sun W, Fang J, et al. Hierarchical Nanorocket for spatially coordinated regulation of glycosaminoglycan deposition and metabolism in cartilage. Bioact Mater. 2027;68:148-161. PMID: 42733560. research paper
  3. Xie S, Jin C, Ma Y, Luo J, Shen Y, Bai B, et al. Microenvironment-bionic scaffold and multi-cell spatial patterning for area-specific meniscus regeneration. Biomaterials. 2027;336:124468. PMID: 42501741. research paper
  4. Kiyomatsu H, Toda K, Katagiri T, Taketani A, Sugiyama K, Kutsuna T, et al. Histopathological analysis for human articular cartilage using a Raman probe system. J Biomed Opt. 2026;31:097005. PMID: 42812546. research paper
  5. Wang ZL, Li HB, Li YT. Combined in vitro microcurrent stimulation and celecoxib suppress NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling and cartilage catabolism in human chondrocytes. Immunol Res. 2026;74:115. PMID: 42789005. research paper
  6. Li Z, Lv Y, Li W, Guo Z, Huang Z, Wei M, et al. Infrapatellar fat pad exosomes promote osteoarthritis by reprogramming macrophage polarization. Biomaterials. 2026;338:124643. PMID: 42785223. research paper
  7. Muiños-López E, Arroyo I, Guaresti O, Urtaza U, Barco-Martín A, Ullate-Agote A, et al. Cellularized Thermoformed Scaffolds with Human Septal Chondrocytes Support In Vivo Cartilage Maturation for Auricular Reconstruction. J Funct Biomater. 2026;17:453. PMID: 42783699. research paper
  8. Vescio RR, Fiordalisi MF, Ambrosio L, Fiorentino D, de Rinaldis E, Di Giacomo G, et al. Irisin in Cartilage Homeostasis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications for Osteoarthritis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2026;11:343. PMID: 42783637. research paper
  9. Guo Y, Zhang X, Zhao S, Bian C, Zhu M, Su C, et al. Therapeutic Effects of WIN55,212-2 on Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis in a Rat Model and Primary Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Chondrocytes. Curr Med Chem. 2026. PMID: 42770450. research paper
  10. Wei X, Guan B, He X, Zhu S, Bi R. Role of Notch signaling pathway in joint homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2026;14:1861292. PMID: 42769654. research paper
  11. Shodiev DR, Zvyagina VI, Shchul'kin AV, Marsyanova YA, Ryabova MN, Belskikh ES. Analysis of SUCNR1 in Cartilage Tissue and Its Association with Succinate Metabolism in the Metabolic Phenotype of Osteoarthritis. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2026. PMID: 42768252. research paper
  12. Liu J, Ke H, Su L, Lin Z, Liu C, Jiang S, et al. Yam-Derived Vesicles Alleviate Osteoarthritis via miRNA-Mediated Suppression of the TLR4-TRAF6 Signaling Axis. Small. 2026:e75914. PMID: 42766346. research paper
  13. Das S, Swain P, Swain S, Misra RDK, Rautray TR. Epidemiology and potential mechanisms of structural progression in osteoarthritis. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2026;54:781-818. PMID: 42762435. research paper
  14. Zhang Z, Wang J, Bian H, Chen J, Wang J, Sun Y, et al. Revealing the bioactive components and possible mechanism of Tongbi Lingding in the treatment of osteoarthritis based on UPLC-MS/MS, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2026. PMID: 42760374. research paper
  15. Zhang L, Yang X, Yu Y, Yang L. Mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles remodel the immune-repair microenvironment in osteoarthritis: from pathological signal transmission to regenerative therapy. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1936617. PMID: 42756019. research paper
  16. Liu YL, Lin YC, Tsai YC, Yen CC, Chiang CY, Hung PJ, et al. Stage-specific MSC spheroid fusion enables bottom-up formation of stage-defined hierarchical cartilage graft. Mater Today Bio. 2026;40:103649. PMID: 42751092. research paper
  17. Xu J, Wang W, Liu L, Wang C, Liu N, Wang X, et al. The application of novel ultrathin iron sulphide nanosheets in the nanotherapy of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Mater Today Bio. 2026;40:103630. PMID: 42750882. research paper
  18. Ma Z, McEachern L, Lan X, Li DX, Ansari AA, Au I, et al. Oxygen Consumption Rate-Defined Phases Couple Metabolism to Matrix Dynamics in Chondrocyte-Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Co-Culture. FASEB J. 2026;40:e72309. PMID: 42750492. research paper
  19. Zhu G, Yang Y, Ma Y, Wu G, Tian K, He X, et al. Artemotil Attenuates Fibrosis-Associated Chondrocyte Remodelling in Osteoarthritis in Association With STC1-Related TGF-β/SMAD2/3 Signalling. J Cell Mol Med. 2026;30:e71374. PMID: 42747683. research paper
  20. Lu X, Wang Z, Hu W, Hu J, Zou Y. Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates osteoarthritis progression by modulating the Nrf2-mediated autophagy pathway. Connect Tissue Res. 2026:1-18. PMID: 42742542. research paper
  21. Toumi H, Almhdie-Imjabbar A, Lespessailles E. Piezo1 as a Key Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Linking Mechanical Overload to Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Mitophagy, and Immunometabolic Dysregulation in Osteoarthritis. Cells. 2026;15:1511. PMID: 42738805. research paper
  22. Nakamura K, Fujii Y, Arai Y, Nakagawa S, Inoue A, Cha R, et al. HIF-PH Inhibitor Promotes Stabilization of HIF-1α via Inhibition of Its Degradation and Exerts Chondroprotective Effects in a Rat Osteoarthritis Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:7869. PMID: 42737766. research paper
  23. Chen YX, Zhang F, Ding Y, Zheng MH, Zhou ZA, Qiu L, et al. Advances in drug delivery systems for Osteoarthritis therapy: exosomes, microparticles, nanoparticles, and hydrogels. Discov Nano. 2026;21:440. PMID: 42734879. research paper
  24. Zhang Z, Li Y, Ye M, Liu H, Huang Q, Wang X, et al. A biomimetic chondrocyte membrane-camouflaged tFNA nanoplatform for reprogramming the cartilage-synovium axis in osteoarthritis. Mater Today Bio. 2026;40:103609. PMID: 42733614. research paper
  25. Li X, Yu X, Li Y, Zhang M, Hao B, Wang X, et al. Microbiota-mediated enhancement of the chondroprotective effects of epimedium polysaccharides: Insights from fermentation and zebrafish models. Int J Biol Macromol. 2026;382:154464. PMID: 42731790. research paper
  26. Liu H, Yao D, Wang Y, Kong Q. SERPINE1/PAI-1 in Skeletal Degeneration: A Proposed Context-Dependent Framework for Bone Remodeling Regulation. Calcif Tissue Int. 2026;117:138. PMID: 42726129. research paper
  27. Oruc MS, Gunenc AC, Yılmaz F, Akdemir O. Molecular modulation of cartilage graft survival: a systematic review and translational synthesis of local and systemic strategies. JPRAS Open. 2026;52:128-137. PMID: 42725065. research paper
  28. Wang Y, Wang Y, Li S, Chen X, Hou Y, Wang C, et al. Eugenol preserves chondrocyte extracellular matrix homeostasis by modulating the ALK1/ALK5-associated TGF-β/Smad signaling axis. Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1885138. PMID: 42723961. research paper
  29. Kamiloğlu U, Günhan K, Çelik DA, Vatansever HS. Comparative Evaluation of Exosomes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, and Nanofat on Cartilage Graft Viability in a Rat Model. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2026. PMID: 42722925. research paper
  30. Khaliji E, Wong TS, Barker CM, Chen S, Cassano JM. Non-coding RNA profiles associated with equine osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Front Vet Sci. 2026;13:1917722. PMID: 42719329. research paper
  31. Hu H, Li G, Wang Y, Xie S, Cao F, Li H, et al. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside alleviates inflammatory injury in osteoarthritis chondrocytes through ERBB2-associated JAK2/STAT3 signaling: network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1891212. PMID: 42718780. research paper
  32. Zhong H, He Q, Qin F, Shu Y, Wang Y, Yang X, et al. In situ-built chemo-electroactive hydrogel incorporating Mg-based hydrogen generators for osteoarthritis therapy. Mater Today Bio. 2026;40:103604. PMID: 42718625. research paper
  33. Xia D, Li J, Zhou X, Yu C, Yang S. DOT1L-mediated H3K79me3 of ITCH promotes AURKA ubiquitination to suppress ECM degradation in osteoarthritis. Mol Genet Genomics. 2026;301:188. PMID: 42714638. research paper
  34. Wang T, Liu Y. Vestitol Ameliorates Ferroptosis-Associated Features and Osteoarthritis Progression Through Modulation of the GSK3B/Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2026. PMID: 42711652. research paper
  35. Novotný R, Rajzer I, Franková J. In vitro evaluation of hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, graphene oxide and zinc oxide for osteochondral regeneration under inflammatory conditions. Mol Cell Biochem. 2026. PMID: 42709332. research paper
  36. Chen S, Yang S, He J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wu J, et al. Chlorogenic acid protects against knee osteoarthritis by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 redox-ferroptosis axis and inflammatory cartilage degeneration. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;189:117382. PMID: 42705065. research paper
  37. Ji C, Niu C, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zeng Q, Chen Y. Chondroitin sulfate and collagen peptides co-derived from sturgeon cartilage: Characterization and combined effects on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol. 2026;382:154169. PMID: 42702320. research paper
  38. Yue H, Alhaskawi A, Ezzi SHA, Zhou J. Biologic and regenerative strategies for osteoarthritis: advances in MSC, exosome, and PRP based therapies. Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1897284. PMID: 42694831. research paper
  39. Ragni E, Taiana M, Landoni S, Valli F, Nebuloni AM, De Luca P, et al. Matrix Protective and Anti-Inflammatory In Vitro Potential of Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived EVs Coupled With Platelet-Derived Fibrin Gel. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2026;31:54998. PMID: 42689990. research paper
  40. Wang Y, Kang L, Chen K, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Xu P, et al. ROS-responsive injectable hydrogel enables controlled release of human adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles for multifaceted osteoarthritis therapy. J Nanobiotechnology. 2026;24:829. PMID: 42687185. research paper
  41. Zhou J, Hu J, Yada E, Zhong J, Terai Y, Winlove CP, et al. Restoring pre-osteoarthritis cartilage matrix integrity via Col9 mRNA halts osteoarthritis progression. Sci Adv. 2026;12:eaef9739. PMID: 42685225. research paper
  42. Piao L, Wang H, Zhang Q, Li J, Sun H, Sun R, et al. Emerging molecular mechanisms of the ECM-exosome growth-plate axis in idiopathic short stature. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2026;14:1898879. PMID: 42682878. research paper
  43. Hansen U. Visualization and Organization of Collagen VI Containing Suprastructures in Articular Cartilage. Methods Mol Biol. 2026;3022:167-178. PMID: 42681157. research paper
  44. Gao S, Huo X, Shen P, Ma J, Ma X. CSNK2A2 drives knee osteoarthritis progression by co-activating the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2026;786:110986. PMID: 42674201. research paper
  45. He Y, Li C, Chen K, Wang X, Xu S, Zhou Z, et al. MYDGF as a telomerase activator and therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. Adv Biotechnol (Singap). 2026;4:34. PMID: 42671689. research paper
  46. Zhou R, Li J, Chen S, Meng C, Liu Q, Huang X, et al. Corilagin attenuates osteoarthritis progression by coordinating NF-κB inhibition with PI3K/AKT/mTOR-associated autophagy restoration. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;188:117342. PMID: 42664894. research paper
  47. Sato S, Iwata H, Yamamoto T, Somemura S, Takemoto M, Takahashi-Suzuki Y, et al. Repetitive Compressive Loading Downregulates the Expression of Autophagy-Related Factors, Autophagy Capacity and Cellular Activity in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:7485. PMID: 42653480. research paper
  48. He X, Guo M, Lian H, Chen L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in Combination with Hydrogels for Osteoarthritis: From Exploratory Applications to Optimization and Translational Outlook. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2026;48:764. PMID: 42651763. research paper
  49. Gao J, Xue Z, Qiu H, Chen C, Li C. Bai@Cu-MOF alleviates osteoarthritis by targeting ferroptosis and restoring chondrocyte redox balance. Int J Biol Macromol. 2026;381:154214. PMID: 42648682. research paper
  50. Raja K, Suresh DG, Albeshri JK, Rawat SS, Prithishkumar IJ, Nau T, et al. Inflammation-Associated Changes in Piezo1 Expression, Mitophagy-Related Markers, and Matrix Dysregulation in an LPS-Stimulated Co-Culture Organoid System. Cells. 2026;15:1482. PMID: 42645208. research paper
  51. Valerio HP, Corrêa de Melo T, Barbosa de Souza Rizzo M, Teixeira de Melo A, Alvarez-Flores MP, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Proteomic Dynamics Reveal Cell-Cycle and Rho GTPase Remodeling Associated with Transient Senescence Traits in Human Chondrocytes During Sustained IL-1β Signaling. Cells. 2026;15:1431. PMID: 42645159. research paper
  52. Du G, Wang D, Chen Q, Sun J, Shuai Q, Zhang Q, et al. A stiffness-tunable 3D alginate-collagen-hyaluronic acid model reveals the matrix-dependent chondroprotection of quercetin in osteoarthritis. Biomater Adv. 2026;189:215130. PMID: 42641414. research paper
  53. Xu J, Wychowaniec JK, D'Este M, Jiang N, Zhu S, Grad S, et al. Crosslinking strategies govern the morphology and biological performance of decellularized extracellular matrix particle-tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogels. RSC Adv. 2026;16:54649-54666. PMID: 42639416. research paper
  54. Wells LM, Keen JAC, Sharma A, Marr N, Hansen R, Pereira JS, et al. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 modulates chondrocyte transition to hypertrophy and provides in vivo protection against spontaneous osteoarthritis. Bone Res. 2026;14:89. PMID: 42637709. research paper
  55. Yang L, Feng J, He W, Huang Y. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin alleviate osteoarthritis through regulates autophagy via IGF1R/JAK2/STAT3 axis. Phytomedicine. 2026;161:158571. PMID: 42636684. research paper
  56. Zhang R, Zhang W, Ou S, Xu C, Qi Y, Yang Y. VHL/CDO1 axis regulates chondrocyte ferroptosis and knee osteoarthritis progression. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2026;785:110980. PMID: 42632536. research paper
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